Product ID
3002033594
Date Published
Aug 18, 2025
Pages
22
Document Type
WHITE PAPER
Direct household expenditures on energy—including electricity, gas and other heating fuels, amortized residential solar systems, and retail purchases of gasoline and public EV charging—are a key measure of energy affordability. To distinguish total expenditures across fuels from electricity bills and account for fuel-switching opportunities, we refer to this metric as a household’s Energy Wallet.
This report presents a straightforward calculation of the Energy Wallet metric describing total direct energy expenditures by households and how it evolves over time, in particular as a result of electrification trends. Additional follow-on analysis will leverage EPRI’s modeling tools to explore electrification trade-offs and provide a more detailed accounting of non-energy costs of end-use technologies, both in aggregate and at the level of individual representative households; economy-wide energy service costs including non-household energy purchases (which are embedded in household purchases of many goods and services, such as air travel); and distributional implications of household energy costs for affordability.
2025
000000003002033594
This Product is publicly available
Download : PDF (9.33 MB)
Program on Technology Innovation
Residential electricity consumption
US-REGEN model
Household energy spending
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